The principle, referred to as the equation of flow , describes how the speed of a fluid changes as it moves through a pipe . Essentially, it asserts that for an uniform liquid, the quantity flow rate remains unchanged along a streamline . Mathematically, this is expressed as A₁V₁ = A₂V₂, where A re

Thomson's Plum Pudding model, while groundbreaking for its time, faced several criticisms as scientists gained a deeper understanding of atomic structure. One major drawback was its inability to account for the results of Rutherford's gold foil experiment. The model assumed that alpha particles woul